![]() You can hire him to scare your kid into behavior (the clown would hide in the child’s bedroom and then wait for the little guy to wake up to scare him). The man is a retired military veteran who is in his 60s. But even though there is a whole documentary about this clown, we know surprisingly little. Usually, you will get hold of the clown’s voicemail that says that he will call you back. No one knew for quite a while what would happen, in case you call the number. The skin on the clown’s face looks like old leather and he has a pair of black pits instead of the eyes. You might have seen terrifying stickers with this persona and a phone number, if you live in Naples, Florida. Have you ever heard of Wrinkles the Clown? Once in a while, you will hear something screech – and you can absolutely feel that it’s not a human. So, you might think that the poor man is in a sewer or another very uncomfortable place. There is a lot of echoes and there is also something dripping in the background. If you have the gut to make a call, you’ll hear a looped message of a man crying. And that’s exactly what makes this number so scary. It’s usually someone screaming or a female crying. After all, nothing might happen.īut is the risk worth it? Known Cursed Phone Numbers 97Įven in horror movies, we rarely hear a grown-up man sobbing. Of course, it is up to you, whether to make that call or not. It might seem hard to believe but every single person who was assigned to this number died.īelow, we will be sharing a few scary phone numbers to call. The Bulgarian number 0888 888 888, for example, had to be suspended by the phone company. Not only calling but also owning cursed numbers can be dangerous. The chances are high that you have heard stories about people calling certain numbers and then ‘accidentally’ dying a few days later. Whether you call these numbers or not is a personal decision. If you’re uncertain about making the call remember that ghosts can (potentially) hurt you. We don’t know who started them, what purpose they serve, or who or what is on the other end. ![]() ![]() Some of these numbers we have no idea why they exist. But there are other kinds of phone numbers… The ones that can make chill go down your spine. Of course, a lot of people did such things either for fun or to promote a film or product. You could literally call Freddy Krueger, for example, and ask for a bedtime story. In the 80s and 90s, people created a lot of novelty hotlines. Note: If you’re looking for cursed phone numbers you might also want to play the Korean cursed elevator game. In case you are feeling particularly daring today, you can try ringing numbers like these to see what will happen – 64, 40, 97. Members of our community did not disappoint and some of the voices on the other ends of these lines are downright chilling. We scoured the internet and ghost clubs to find accounts of scary phone numbers to call and known cursed phone numbers.
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How Java nested loops workProbably the most used loop in Java is for, in large part because it is quite versatile and the code with it is quite easy to read. For example, if you need to display a two-dimensional matrix, a semi-pyramid or a multiplication table. Nested-loop constructs are used when two conditions must be met, one depending on the other. And so on until the outer loop ends.Īll of them support nested loops. On the second pass, the outer loop calls the inner one again. On the first pass, the outer loop calls the inner loop, which runs to completion, after which control is transferred to the body of the outer loop. Java nested loopsA loop is called nested if it is placed inside another loop. In this article, we are going to find out about how to work with nested loops in Java. ("Guess game exiting.Java, like most other programming languages, supports nested loops. if the user chooses 2, then the game is going to be exited ("Trial exceed 10, the guess is "+randomNumber) At the end of each count, the count variable is incremented ![]() If guess is lesser than the random number Asking the user to Guess a number between 1 and 10 RandomNumber = (int)Math.floor(Math.random()*10+1) "You have only 10 trials go guess the right number" ) if the use choosed one, then we begin the game variable for collecting the user response Asking the user if he is ready to play the game Variable declaration that will hold the random number You need to reverse the start and end conditions: For counter 3 To 1 Step -1 Console.WriteLine ('counter: ' & counter) Next. The user has guess, the second variable is the Think of the loop like this: Dim counter As Int32 1 Do If counter < 1 Then Exit Do End If Console.WriteLine ('The counter is at ' & counter) counter +1 Loop. *variable declaration for the number of times In ensuring that a loop execute a statement 5 times, the counter must be checked to ensure that when it is equals to 5 it should be terminated. If false: the loop terminate, if true, the loop continue executing, until it returns false. Test: This is a boolean expression, that it's returned value is a determinant to terminate the loop or continue executing the statement, the test return value must either be true or false. Learn JavaLearn Data StructuresLearn C ProgrammingLearn C++. If you're iterating through each element in an array, then the counter will be equals to 0, this is because, arrays starts from 0 index, Sometimes, you might want to initialize the counter starting from 1, it all depends on what you're iterating. An increment counter in the for loop is used to increment or decrement the loop repetitions. The initialization is usually a variable, once the statement in the loop is executed, the counter is incremented. it's usually called a counter or an iterator or index. Initialization:The initialization is the first stage of every for loop and its indicates the starting point of any for loop. Lets understand each parameter in the for loop_ There are basically one option you will use, You are definitely going to keep rewriting "Hello, John" Untill it count up to 10Įnter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Think for a moment, if you were ask to print "Hello, John" in the console 10 times, how will you get that done? Just like in the integer array example, were starting the loop index at 0 and going up to 1 less. The usefulness of every loops makes us to write redundant-free codes and easy to understand codes. charAt() method to get the character at the specified index. These conditions are what prevents a loop from been infinite. From the programming perspective, Loops means, repeatedly carrying out an instruction on the basis of some conditions. Loops simply means doing something repeatedly. Basically, every functioning Programming language has a support for Loops. Loops is a broad phenomenon in the field of Computer science. Understandings of Java Variable declaration.īecause of the need to explain java loops comprehensively, this article will be divided into three. ![]() In this article, I will explain Loops in Java, in the most simplified and comprehensive way, with easy to understand terms, and at the end we will build a simple project using a for Loop. Loops sometimes, can be frustrating and difficult to learn, most especially when you don't get the right resources for your learning. Years back, while I was learning Java Programming, I was stucked at learning Loops in Java. On Sat, at 3:27 AM Sean Danischevsky wrote: It would be great if the SFTP option allowed for key authentication, the underlying code does allow for this: This works fine but is always lagging what is happening on the camera, and doesn't really fix the issue outlined above. This uses rsync over sssh and private/public keys authentication. so I have a cron job which hourly rsyncs the media to the remote server. 07:08:24: ERROR: failed to upload file "/data/media/sda1//07-07-05.mp4" with service sftp: (79, '')įile "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/motioneye/uploadservices.py", line 1103, in upload_media_fileįile "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/motioneye/uploadservices.py", line 103, in upload_fileįile "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/motioneye/uploadservices.py", line 992, in upload_dataįile "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/motioneye/uploadservices.py", line 952, in curl_perform_filetransfer 07:08:24: ERROR: sftp: cURL upload failed on s: While some media gets uploaded fine, on many others I get errors: Thanks to the help of posters above, I got sftp working. This issue could really be called 'SFTP' problems, as that was the original posters problem and mine. Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub You are receiving this because you are subscribed to this thread. Mkdir: can't create directory '/root/.ssh': Read-only file system Continue (Yes/No) (yes)įailed to add the host to the list of known hosts password:Ĭonnected to the problem is I ~]# mkdir /root/.ssh The authenticity of host '' (x.x.x.x) can't be established.ĮCDSA key fingerprint is xxxxxggggg. I can SSH into the pi and run SFTP with write ~]# sftp not create directory '/root/.ssh'. But the Raspberry Pi running MotionEye OS won't I canĬonnect from another machine with the same credentials (via the command ![]() I'm having trouble on MotionEye OS uploading media files via SFTP. Oldest files once the storage hits a given percentage of the storage space Or better, if the issue is storage space, have an option to delete the On Thu, at 9:08 AM Sean Danischevsky wrote: ![]() I haven't tried this with sftp but it works fine when testing with ssh in a terminal and for rsync. You can view the generated public key with something like:Īnd then copy it to the appropriate directory of your network box, if non-Windows, maybe: Essentially you need to generate a pair of ssh keys on your Raspberry Pi, something like: There are a vast number of web pages explaining passwordless ssh. I use rsync on my network storage (Linux, Synology) to grab motionEyeOS images with cron. In which case, something over passwordless ssh will do the trick. Or are you trying to do this unattended, under a script or cronjob or Windows equivalent. FTP does have the benefit of being simple but its not exactly secure across non-private networks and you might be better using scp, sftp or whatever with FileZilla or maybe FreeFileSync which looks good. ![]() Is this uploading files to be done whilst you are present ? Presumably yes, hence your use of FileZilla, which I imagine can store passwords like most utilities of that sort. ![]()
![]() A group of extraterrestrial beings land on Earth and are eventually known as the Greek gods, as established in the episode " Who Mourns for Adonais?".ġst millennium of the Common Era. ![]() The Dominion may have been founded in the Gamma Quadrant by the shapeshifting race known as the Changelings around this time, possibly in a different form than is known in the modern timeline.The Tkon Empire, an interstellar state consisting of dozens of star systems in the Alpha Quadrant, becomes extinct.Sargon's people explore the galaxy and colonize various planets, possibly including Vulcan.The dinosaurs (the Voth civilization) from the episode " Distant Origin" are most likely descendants of Hadrosaurids who lived in the Cretaceous period of Earth's history.A humanoid civilization seeds the oceans of many planets with genetic material, which would lead to the development of humanoids on many planets.Quinn hides in the big bang to avoid discovery by Q.Overview about the most important events, first contacts and when series/movies of the Star Trek universe take place Before Common Era The Burn, followed by the collapse of most of the United Federation of Planets ![]() Utopia Planitia Shipyards Destruction, Picard Season 1, Episode 2 (2020)Įnterprise "Azati Prime" (2004) Įnterprise " Shockwave" (2002) Utopia Planitia Shipyards, Picard season 1 (2020) Lower Decks season 2 (2021) and season 3 (2022) " Emissary" (1993) Įnterprise " These Are the Voyages." 4 (2005) USS Bozeman launched: " Cause and Effect" (1992) Star Trek " Where No Man Has Gone Before" (1965) Star Trek: Strange New Worlds season 1 (2022) and season 2 (2023) The Constitution-class USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is launched under the command of Captain Robert April and begins its first 5-year mission. USS Franklin goes missing: Star Trek Beyond (2016) " One Small Step" (1999) Įnterprise " These Are the Voyages." (2005) holodeck simulation of the events 2įounding of the United Federation of Planets ![]() " Future's End" (1996) Įnterprise " Carpenter Street" (2003) Star Trek " Tomorrow Is Yesterday" (1967) " Little Green Men" (1995) Įnterprise " Carbon Creek" (2002) Star Trek " The City on the Edge of Forever" (1967) Įnterprise " Storm Front" (2004) The Next Generation " Time's Arrow" (1992) The Next Generation " All Good Things." (1994) YearĮnterprise, Strange New Worlds, The Original Series, The Next Generation, Picard, original timeline films, major events Abrams "reboot" films, or "Kelvin Timeline" based on the original series. In universe timeline chronological order Star Trek: Enterprise (ENT), Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS), Star Trek: The Animated Series (TAS), Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG), and all 13 of the Star Trek feature films, including the three newest J. The designation Enterprise-based series are the series that featured the various incarnations of the starship USS Enterprise. This table shows each TV series and movie, its year of release or broadcast, the year it was set in according to the prevailing Okuda chronology (see below), and the stardate range for that year. Series from Star Trek: The Next Generation onwards defined their temporal settings in conventional form. The original series generally avoided assigning real-world dates to its futuristic setting, instead using the stardate system. The chronology is complicated by the presence of divergent timelines within the franchise's narrative, as well as internal contradictions and retcons. However the franchise has also outlined a fictional future history of Earth prior to this, and, primarily through time travel plots, explored both past and further-future settings. The franchise is primarily set in the future, ranging from the mid-22nd century ( Star Trek: Enterprise) to the late 24th century ( Star Trek: Picard), with the third season of Star Trek: Discovery jumping forward to the 32nd century. This article discusses the fictional timeline of the Star Trek franchise. JSTOR ( December 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Timeline of Star Trek" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. Letter coloring worksheets alphabet worksheet printable kindergarten letters kids color english sheets preschool activities writing kindergartenworksheets children tracing begin pre Tracing lettes frompond househos 10 best printable letter s activities Traceable handwriting worksheet activityshelter lowercase freecoloringpages lettres apprendre tk They are not just a fun way to learn, but also a fantastic tool to enhance vocabulary and problem-solving abilities.Handwriting letter worksheet printable preschool supplyme Letter worksheets worksheet writing practice handwriting alphabet kindergarten printable tracing kids english preschool print kindergartenworksheets sheets letters trace write learning Learning the letter s worksheets English for Kids Step by Step: February 2021 From easy printable crossword puzzles for little ones to more challenging ones for older kids, there’s something for every difficulty level. So, whether you’re a parent looking for a perfect activity for a road trip or a teacher searching for interactive worksheets for your digital classroom, our collection of free printable crossword puzzles for kids is the place to be. Simply click on the puzzle of your choice, download the printable version along with its answer key, and let the fun begin! It’s a perfect activity for individual learning or even group activities in classrooms. They too help in enhancing a child’s vocabulary, problem-solving skills, and much more. ![]() While crosswords are a great activity, we also provide other printable activities such as word search puzzles and sudoku puzzles. However, rest assured, our primary goal is to provide resources for personal use and educational purposes. We value your privacy, so always check our privacy policy before downloading. ![]() ![]() Printable worksheets like mazes and coloring pages for various gradesĪll our free worksheet pdf files come with an answer sheet or solution sheet for the convenience of parents and teachers.Some other activities you can find here include: While we offer free printables now, always ensure you check back for the latest version and new additions. This collection of free printable crossword puzzles will be ever-growing. These are perfect for young learners and can be integrated into lesson plans seamlessly. We offer pre-made digital activities and crossword puzzles suitable for the digital classroom environment. In the era of digital learning, interactive worksheets play an integral role. Interactive Worksheets for Digital Classrooms For instance, if you’re teaching ESL students, there are printable activities specially designed to help them learn vocabulary words in a fun way. Whether it’s for a road trip, special occasions with family members, or just a weekend activity, we have themed crosswords for every occasion. Not necessarily adult crossword puzzles but puzzles that challenge them more than the easy crossword puzzle designed for their younger counterparts. Older Kidsįor 7th grade, 8th grade, and even high schoolers, the puzzles can be more intricate. For them, a fun crossword puzzle can revolve around lesson plans or topics they’re currently learning about in school. Kids in 4th grade, 5th grade, and 6th grade might look for something a tad more challenging. They get to learn new words and build vocabulary in a playful manner. Suitable For Every Age Group Little Kids & Early Learnersįor young children and early learners, the color crossword or easy printable crossword puzzles focused on color words, zoo animals, or parts of the body can be much fun. ![]() Google™ Translate is a free third-party service, which is not controlled by the DMV. This translation application tool is provided for purposes of information and convenience only. The Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) website uses Google™ Translate to provide automatic translation of its web pages. * A Planned Nonoperation (PNO) may be filed up to 90 days after the registration expiration date if the vehicle was not operated in any manner, but applicable late penalties are due. – 160% of the weight fee due for that year (if any). – 160% of the vehicle license fee due for that year. – 80% of the weight fee due for that year (if any). – 80% of the vehicle license fee due for that year. – 60% of the weight fee due for that year (if any). – 60% of the vehicle license fee due for that year. – 20% of the weight fee due for that year (if any). – 20% of the vehicle license fee due for that year. ![]() – 10% of the weight fee due for that year (if any). – 10% of the vehicle license fee due for that year. Percentage of vehicle license fee and weight fee ![]() Penalties are determined by adding a percentage of the vehicle license fee, plus a registration late fee, plus a California Highway Patrol (CHP) late fee. Penalties for Vehicles Registered in California ![]() Penalty fees are assessed in addition to any other fees due. The longer you delay payment, the greater the penalty amount will be. If you do not receive a billing notice approximately 60 days before your vehicle’s registration expires, please call us at 1-80 to find out what your fees are. Be sure to check the registration card for the actual expiration date. The Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) does not offer a grace period for paying your annual vehicle registration fees. Be sure to pay your renewal fees on or before the expiration date shown on your current registration card, or DMV will charge penalties. Even though your license plates display only the month and year, your registration expires on a specific day. Zero emissions vehicle parking sticker (VC §22511) Total loss vehicle partial VLF refund service (RTC §10902) Total loss salvage/dismantled vehicle inspection (VC §9255.2) Transfer on death beneficiary designation (VC §§4150.7, 9852.7) Salvage certificate (original/duplicate) (VC §§9265, 11515) Return non-resident license plates (VC §4302) Privately owned school bus (PSD) registration/licensing education related Prior history (brands certificates prior junk, salvage, taxi, etc.) (VC §9255.1) Prejudgment attachment filing or certificate (CCP §§488.385(b)(c)) Ownership responsibility citation (VC §40002.1) Nonrepairable vehicle certificate (original/duplicate) (VC §11515.2) Non-resident reregistration (same registration year) (VC §9252) Non-resident service (original from out-of-state) (VC §9252) Motorcycle safety (original/renewal) (VC §2935) Motorcycle cross index (original) (VC §9268) Miscellaneous Registration and Service Fees Fee TypeĬlean air vehicle sticker (original/replacement) (VCĬounty (VC §§9250.2, 9250.7, 9250.10–9850.17)ĬVRA weight/year stickers (original/replacement) (VC §9400.1) ![]() The Ninja also has a powerful motor that can handle even the toughest ingredients, and it comes with a variety of attachments, including a chopper, a grater, and a juicer. The Ninja blender has two speeds, a pulse function, and a single-serve function, making it easy to use and versatile. If you want a blender that is both powerful and easy to use, the Ninja is a great option. So, which blender is better, Cuisinart or Ninja? The answer depends on what you’re looking for. Both are known for their durability and performance, and both have a loyal following of fans who swear by their products. If you’re looking for a high-powered blender that can handle just about anything you throw at it, you’ve probably considered both the Cuisinart and Ninja brands. Must-Read: Sunbeam vs Panasonic Bread Maker: Which One is the Best for Your Kitchen? Comparing The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cuisinart Blender And Ninja The Ninja is also more powerful than the Cuisinart, which makes it better for blending tough ingredients. It also has a much larger pitcher than the Cuisinart, which makes it perfect for making large batches of smoothies or juices. It is much more affordable, and it has a unique design that makes it easy to use. Overall, the Ninja is the better blender.The Cuisinart is also not as powerful as the Ninja, which makes it not as good for blending tough ingredients. It also has a smaller pitcher, which makes it not as good for making large batches of smoothies or juices. The Cuisinart is a great blender, but it is much more expensive than the Ninja.The Ninja also has a much larger pitcher than the Cuisinart, which makes it perfect for making large batches of smoothies or juices. The Ninja has a powerful motor that can easily handle any blending task, and it also has a unique design that makes it easy to use. The Ninja is a much better blender and it is also much more affordable. I have owned both the Ninja and the Cuisinart and I would recommend the Ninja.Must-Read: Bread Maker Machine vs Oven: Which is the Best for Homemade Bread? The Many Use Cases Of Cuisinart Blender And Ninja: An In-Depth Look The Cuisinart blender has a more traditional design that is similar to other high-quality blenders. It is a more compact and streamlined blender that is designed to be easier to use and more efficient. The Ninja blender has a unique design that is different from the traditional blender design. The final difference between the two blenders is the design. This means that the Cuisinart blender can handle more difficult tasks, such as crushing ice or making smoothies with tough ingredients. The Cuisinart blender is a more powerful blender, with a motor that is typically more powerful than the Ninja blender. The Cuisinart blender is typically more expensive than the Ninja blender, although the Ninja blender is still a great choice for anyone who is looking for a high-quality blender.Īnother difference between the two blenders is the power. One difference between the Cuisinart blender and the Ninja blender is the price. The Ninja blender is a great choice for anyone who is looking for a powerful and versatile blender. It is a powerful blender that is designed to handle a variety of tasks, from making smoothies to pureeing vegetables. The Ninja blender is a newer blender that has become very popular in recent years. The Cuisinart blender is a durable and reliable blender that is a great choice for anyone who is looking for a high-quality blender. It is a powerful blender that can handle a variety of tasks, from making smoothies to pureeing soups. The Cuisinart blender is a popular and well-known blender that has been around for many years. The Variances Between Cuisinart Blender And Ninja: An Overview But what are the differences between a Cuisinart blender and a Ninja blender?Ĭuisinart was founded in 1973 by Carl Sontheimer, a German-born engineer who wanted to create a blender that was easy to use and clean. ![]() ![]() Both have a loyal following, and both are known for their high-quality products. Blenders are an essential kitchen appliance for any home, and two of the most popular brands are Cuisinart and Ninja. Moreover, you can get sources from animals that are grazing around. There are a few geysers available that you can use for geothermal power generation for your colony. Stone types include granite, slate and, marble. Moreover, you can grow crops throughout the year. For an Arid environment, there is a lot of decent soil available for farming. This seed is one of the best Rimworld map seeds, especially if you want to go for smaller colonies. It has a naturally formed small pocket in the mountain towards the North. This seed is one of the best for small bases. ![]() You might have trouble generating power in this seed because of the lack of a river. You can plant crops and gather up resources for your colony. The map has a large space available for farming. These stones include granite, marble, and slate. Many stones can be found here so you can gather up valuable resources. The enemy can enter through only one point allowing much easier combat, especially for beginners. The land is surrounded by mountains blocking off all the enemies. The natural setting of this colony allows for creating a bottleneck that will protect you from the raids. This is one of the most defensive maps in Rimworld. ![]() So, This seed is often considered one of the best Rimworld seeds, especially for beginners. You can find three stone types in this seed: granite, sandstone, and limestone. The growing period on this map is 40 out of 60 days. In addition, you would have four geysers which will be an extremely useful power source for your colony. The mountains will raise the defense of your colony. The natural setting of this seed is very convenient. Hence, You should choose this seed if you are a rookie and not familiar with the combat aspect of the Rimworld gameplay. So, this seed will give you a huge advantage in combat. They would have to swim through the sea, making the enemy vulnerable to your attacks. The only way they can reach your colonists is by sea. This map arrangement will make it difficult for raiders to attack your colony because they cannot pass through the mountains. This seed map consists of coastal lands that are surrounded by two mountains. You can pick one that most suits your style of play, and each of them has different terrains with various perks.Ī Similar Read: Rimworld Best Weapons Lyle Seed lyle Each of them will give you unique and different gameplay. There are many various map seed options for you to choose from. It would be best to consider the resources available, temperature, and overall terrain design before choosing a seed. So, you need to choose a seed that will prove to be effective for your colony growth. Some lands will give you valuable power generation sources. Some seeds will provide you with a lot of stone resources. Many seeds have a lot of fertile lands, and you can farm crops much faster. Some seeds can give you a huge boost early on in the gameplay. Every seed has unique features, some are easier to defend, and others facilitate farming.Thorn seed facilitates crop growth and power generation but poor defence. LunaKitty seed has a large river flowing between two land areas surrounded by mountains, making defence easier.Qwerfcvbgv78uu6yt5 is a Rimworld map with a large pocket in the mountains with only one entrance. Hamlet is a high defence map because it is blocked by mountains and coastlands.Maine Escape has a beautiful and defendable colony by the sea and great space for farming with a 40/60 growing period. Aardvark has a defendable pocket near the coastline and 60/60 growing period.Cactus has a large space but is less fertile due to dry temperature. Worm is a beautiful beach surrounded by waters and large fishing potential. ![]() Green is a large, fertile land with limited openings for enemy attacks.Eggplant provides fertile land for farming throughout the year but has different diseases. Knife is best for mountain bases, and its defence is easier if paths are blocked.Robert is a decent space near the coast with fertile land but is vulnerable to attacks. It is perfect for growing small colonies because of its decent soil for farming. Interstellar is a defensive map that consists of land surrounded by mountains with 1 entry point. Lyle Seed consists of coastal lands surrounded by two mountains and provides good defence.The available resources, temperature, and terrain design are the deciding factors of choosing a seed.Players need to choose an appropriate game seed that is important for unique gameplay and growth of the colony. ![]() This article aims to examine the hegemonic representations of what is said "to be Brazilian". We discuss hypotheses for the emergence of these traces and how the interaction between music and dance could support cues of dance and music styles. The results show relevant traces of idiomatic differences in different degrees of significance. From this map we used data visualization methods (MDS) in order to test how the classes of gender, origin and musical metrical structure were discriminated. ![]() The information from the shape of the gesture was used to trace comparisons and generate a dissimilarity map. We collected the trajectories of 30 samba dances using motion-tracking technologies and analyzed the periodic structure of the gesture’ trajectories. In this paper we study idiomatic expressions of style by mapping them into a universe of Afro-Brazilian dances and music styles. The styles reflect gender roles, socio-economic (and geographic) differences, but they also reflect aspects of the bodies that express the movements, and aspects of the musical structures that support their functioning in the social context. How are dancers and musicians dealing with style? How do they perform music and dance styles that are so associated with their culture, community and time? Music and dance cultures evolved from entangled transformation vectors into styles that mark a culture. More research is needed in order better understand the involvement of cultural factors in the structure of dances and music forms. However, characteristic models of samba dances and music are beyond invariant properties of repetitive gestures or rhythm motives. The research shows that the sounding structure of samba cannot be fully understood without taking into consideration the role of the human body and the structure of dances. In addition, we argue that the metric signature of samba music may actually be dependent on the metric structure of dance. The applications of these methods to data-sets of motion capture recordings of samba dances show that the musical meter is indeed strongly represented in the gestures and in the dance space. From motion capture and video recordings of dance, we developed methods that allow the description of gestures in terms of shapes and spatiotemporal reference frames. Starting from commercial audio excerpts and field recordings, we demonstrated that samba is characterized by particular micro-timing deviations, as well as an unclear configuration of periodicities in the metrical structure of music. In this study, we investigate how this gesture is modeled through sound and movement and how the interdependence between these modalities has influenced samba music and samba dances. Together, these experiences convey a sort of unified gesture, or cross-modal gesture, which is acquired and performed through sound, movement and other modalities. Music and dance cannot be easily dissociated in the culture of Afro-Brazilian samba. |
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